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==Events== *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of treason. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day. *1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known today as the Laguna province in the Philippines is founded by the Spaniards as one of the oldest encomiendas (provinces) in the country. *1778 – Constitution of the province of Cantabria ratified at the Assembly Hall in Bárcena la Puente, Reocín, Spain. *1794 – French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just are executed by guillotine in Paris, France. *1808 – Mahmud II became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam. *1809 – Peninsular War: Battle of Talavera: Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force led by Joseph Bonaparte. *1821 – José de San Martín declares the independence of Peru from Spain. *1854 – , the last all-sail warship built by the United States Navy, is commissioned. *1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church: Confederate troops make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive Union forces from Atlanta, Georgia. *1866 – At the age of 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue (of Abraham Lincoln). *1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law. *1896 – The city of Miami, Florida is incorporated. *1914 – In the culmination of the July Crisis, Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, igniting World War I. *1915 – The United States of America begins a 20-year occupation of Haiti. *1932 – U.S. President Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C. *1933 – Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Spain are established. *1935 – First flight of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. *1938 – ''Hawaii Clipper'' disappears between Guam and Manila as the first loss of an airliner in trans-Pacific ''China Clipper'' service. *1942 – World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227. In response to alarming German advances, all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so are to be tried in a military court, with punishment ranging from duty in a shtrafbat battalion, imprisonment in a Gulag, or execution. *1943 – World War II: Operation Gomorrah: The Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg, Germany causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians. *1945 – A U.S. Army B-25 bomber crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 and injuring 26. *1948 – The Metropolitan Police Flying Squad foils a bullion robbery in the "Battle of London Airport". *1955 – The Union Mundial pro Interlingua is founded at the first Interlingua congress in Tours, France. *1957 – Heavy rain and a mudslide in Isahaya, western Kyushu, Japan, kills 992. *1965 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000. *1973 – Summer Jam at Watkins Glen: Nearly 600,000 people attend a rock festival at the Watkins Glen International Raceway. *1974 – Spetsgruppa A, Russia's elite special force, was formed. *1976 – The Tangshan earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 moment magnitude flattens Tangshan in the People's Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851. *1984 – The 1984 Summer Olympics officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad were opened in Los Angeles. *1993 – Andorra joins the United Nations. *1996 – The remains of a prehistoric man are discovered near Kennewick, Washington. Such remains will be known as the Kennewick Man. *2001 – Australian Ian Thorpe becomes the first swimmer to win six gold medals at a single World Championships. *2002 – Nine coal miners trapped in the flooded Quecreek Mine in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, are rescued after 77 hours underground. *2005 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army calls an end to its thirty-year-long armed campaign in Northern Ireland. *2008 – The historic Grand Pier in Weston-super-Mare burns down for the second time in 80 years. *2010 – Airblue Flight 202 crashes into the Margalla Hills north of Islamabad, Pakistan, killing all 152 people aboard. It is the deadliest aviation accident in Pakistan history and the first involving an Airbus A321. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「July 28」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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